职业教育专业群建构的三维逻辑:产业需求、知识关联及有效治理——基于教育链、人才链与产业链的耦合匹配

教育链、人才链与产业链的耦合匹配是经济社会良性运转的基础。基于"三链"耦合匹配的内在逻辑,职业教育专业群建构特指职业院校、行业企业、政府、第三方机构等多元利益主体以人才链匹配产业链为目标,在博弈互动中通过专业群组建、组织管理体系重构、课程体系建构、教师团队组建、教学资源体系构建等行动,最终有效达成专业群布局结构与产业结构、职业岗位群与课程结构、教学过程与工作过程、学生评价与职业资格评价的耦合匹配。职业教育专业群建构过程中应遵循三个基本逻辑,分别是产业需求逻辑、知识关联逻辑以及有效治理逻辑,从三个基本逻辑出发可以将专业群建构为四种主要类型。以"三链"耦合为基本的理论出发点,职业教育专业群建构应从宏观、中观和微观三个层面进行系统筹划:在宏观层面,构建基于产业人才需求的专业群优化调整机制;在中观层面,基于区域产业集群特征构建适宜专业群;在微观层面,依据专业群的属性特征展开体系化建设。

Three-dimension Logic of the Construction of Specialty Groups in Vocational Education:Industrial Demand,Knowledge Association and Effective Governance--Based on Coupling Matching of Education Chain,Talent Chain and Industrial Chain

The coupling and matching of education chain,talent chain and industrial chain is the basis of economic and social benign operation.Based on the internal logic of"three chain"coupling matching,the construction of vocational education specialty group refers to the multi stakeholders including vocational schools,enterprises,government and third party,aiming at the talent chain matching the industrial chain,through the construction of specialty group,the reconstruction of organization and management system,the construction of curriculum system,the construction of teacher team,the construction of teaching resource system and other actions in the game interaction,finally effectively achieving the coupling matching of specialty group layout structure and industrial structure,professional post group and curriculum structure,teaching process and production process,student evaluation and professional qualification evaluation.Three basic logics should be followed in the construction process of vocational education specialty group,namely,the logic of industrial demand,the logic of knowledge association and the logic of effective governance.From the three basic logics,the specialty group can be constructed into four main types.Based on the"three chains"coupling theory,the construction of vocational education specialty group should be systematically planned from the macro,meso and micro levels:at the macro level,the optimization and adjustment mechanism of specialty group should be constructed based on the demand of industrial talents;at the meso level,the suitable specialty group should be constructed based on the characteristics of regional industrial clusters;at the micro level,the development should be carried out according to the attribute characteristics of specialty group Open up systematic construction.