论《道德经》“德经”篇中“礼”的批判指向

老子说“礼”是“忠信之薄而乱之首”，多数学者认为这是老子针对孔子的“克己复礼”的主张而提出的反对意见。随着对老子研究的深入以及出土文献的开掘，人们发现传世文献中的一些记载也有可商榷之处。合理地界定老子之“礼”、周公之“礼”和孔子之“礼”三者各自的所指范畴，不难得出结论：老子的思想是针对周公之“礼”提出的。老子和孔子对“礼”范畴的界定并非指向同一层面，但内在的精神具有一致性，二者都对周礼进行了批判性改造。

On the Critical Orientation in Classic of the Way and the Virtue

According to Lao Tzu,the emergence of ceremony is because "the lacking of the loyalty and faith which is always the culprit of event",and many scholars believe that is the objection to Confucius`s "Kejifuli".With the deepening research on Lao Tzu and the uncover of the buried antiques,the facts in the long spreading documents deserve further discussion.After reasonably defining the meaning of "ceremony" of Lao Tzu,the Duke of Zhou and Confucius,we can conclude that Lao Tzu`s "ceremony" raise from the ceremony of the Duke of Zhou.The definition of the "ceremony" between Confucius and Lao Tzu does not indicate to the same sphere,while the inner spirit is same;both of them renovate the "Ceremony" of the Duke of Zhou critically.