土家族非物质文化遗产保护与传承的历程考察

土家族非物质文化遗产的保护与传承经历了一个漫长曲折的过程，大致可以分为三个阶段。第一阶段是20世纪50年代～60年代，是为配合土家族民族成分确认和利用民族民间文化为人民服务等工作，是土家族非物质文化遗产调查、搜集、整理和传播的开启时期；第二阶段是20世纪80年代～90年代，主要是为恢复土家族民族成分和编写“十部中国民族民间文艺集成志书”等工作进行的，是土家族非物质文化遗产深入挖掘、抢救、保护、传承时期；第三阶段是世纪之交的时候，是为配合中国民间文化遗产抢救工程和中国民族民间文化保护工程而进行的，是土家族非物质文化遗产全面普查、抢救、整理、保护传承时期。每个阶段的挖掘、抢救和传承工作都有自身的特点，对保护和传承土家族文化产生了重要影响。

An Investigation into the History of Protection and Inheritance of the IntangibleCultural Heritage of Tujia

The protection and inheritance of the intangible cultural heritage of Tujia Nationality have undergone a long and twisted process which can be divided into three periods. The first period, 1950s -1960s, is the emerging time of investigating, collecting, systemizing and spreading of Tujia intangible cultural heritage with a purpose to help to determine the ethnic identity of Tujia and to use the ethnic and folk culture to serve the people. The second period, 1980s-1990s, sees the further digging, salving, protecting and spreading of Tujia intangible cultural heritage with a purpose to regain the identity of Tujia nationality and to compile 10 collections of ethnic and folk arts. The third period, the turn of 20-21 century, is a period of overall investigation, salvation, systemization, protection and inheritance of Tujia intangible cultural heritage, with a purpose to salve and protect ethnic and folk culture in China. These three periods have their own characters and have important influences on the protection and inheritance of Tujia culture.