畜禽废弃物养分资源分配方法研究

畜禽废弃物是一种良好的可再生有机资源，蕴藏着大量的养分和能量，如果将这些资源加以综合利用，不仅可以遏制我国农村环境不断恶化的趋势，而且可以带来可观的经济效益。但若使用不当就会引起对水体、土壤、大气等一系列生态环境构成严重的危险，为合理利用畜禽废弃物养分资源，实现从畜禽废弃物养分向农用地养分的转换，本文以环境科学、农业生态学、畜禽养殖、土壤环境学和作物栽培学等基本理论为基础，在地理信息技术等技术手段的支持下，系统分析了畜禽废弃物养分向农用地养分转换的影响因素，并在充分考虑了地块间的空间差异性，利用空间分析和地统计分析技术，结合预测点与居民地和规模养殖场的距离权重和面积权重方法及建立的畜禽废弃物养分分配模型实现畜禽废弃物养分资源分配，并以北京市大兴区为例，进行了应用。其中农用地中畜禽废弃物氮养分资源含量平均值为541.896kg，最大值2511.705 kg，最小值66.698 kg，总量459 5819.788kg。并将计算结果与普通的空间插值方法获得的结果进行了比较，证明了本文研究的分配方法更符合畜禽废弃物养分资源施用的实际情况。该法可为畜禽废弃物无污染应用研究及养殖业的管理决策提供科学依据。

A Study on Distributions of Livestock Manure Nutrient Resources

Livestock manure can result in a sustained and deteriorated trend of the rural ecological environment. However, it is also considered a renewable organic resource of enormous nutrient and energy, leading to considerable economic benefits if these renewable organic resources are properly handled and effectively utilized. Based on agricultural ecology, livestock and poultry raising knowledge, soil environmental science, environmental science, crop cultivation, and geographical information system (GIS) techniques, the authors systematically analyzed influencing factors in the reasonable transformation of livestock manure nutrient to farmland nutrient in the present work. By making use of livestock statistical data, the nutrient content of livestock manure was calculated, then the regional crop nutrient demand and nutrient supply amount of regional farmland were calculated. By using GIS and conducting an investigation of farmers, the authors determined the production of a specific goal on the basis of agricultural land for crop fertilizer grades and determined the need for the production demand for crop nutrients of a specific goal by means of crop cultivation in crop science knowledge. Based on this, we calculated the nutrient demand for agricultural land crops and regional crop nutrient demand in Daxing District, Beijing. In addition, and the authors fully examined spatial differences in land and derived the distribution of livestock manure nutrient by accounting for the distance weight among predicted points, habitation, scale raising, area weight and the modes for distributing livestock manure nutrient using spatial analysis modules involved in GIS. Results showed that the average, maximum, minimum and total amount livestock manure nitrogen nutrients in farmland was 541.896 kg, 2511.705 kg, 66.698 kg and 4595819.788 kg, respectively. Compared with commonly used spatial interpolation methods, the proposed method was found to give more reliable results associated with utilizing livestock manure nutrient. This could provide a meaningful basis for utilization of livestock manure without producing pollution and assisting in decision making in the breeding industry.