甲午战争前夕中日两国政局之比较

甲午战争对中国社会的冲击是巨大的，《马关条约》的签订是使中国进一步陷入殖民地、半殖民地危机的开端。日本依据《马关条约》，不但从中国夺取了台湾及其周围岛屿的领土，而且从清政府掠取了巨额战争赔款，这些战争赔款被作为扩展军备及发展近代工业和义务教育的费用，迅速增强了日本的国力，从而使日本实现了“脱亚入欧”的梦想，变身为封建的军事帝国主义国家。清朝为什么会在甲午战争中遭到失败？清朝到底能不能打赢那场战争？一直以来都是国内学者在研究甲午战争中的论题之一。本文依据中日两国的历史资料，就甲午战争前中日两国的政局演变，简要地作以归纳和分析，通过对比，希望能够比较清楚地解释清政府在那场战争中失败的缘由。

Comparison of the Political Situation Between China and Japan Just Before the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895

The Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 greatly stirred Chinese society.It is the Treaty of Maguan that made China further its steps into a colonial and semi-colonial society,which symbolized the start of a new period in China's history.Japan,based on the Treaty of Maguan,not only seized the territory of Taiwan,and other islands around it,but also grabbed lots of money from the Qing Government.It is this war reparation that made Japan much stronger since Japan used that money to expand its army,develop its modern industry,and enhance its education.As a result,Japan could realize its dream of "Closer to Europe and far the from Asia",and finally became a feudalist and imperialist country.Based on lots of historical materials from Japan and China.This paper tries to make a brief analysis and draw a conclusion on the changes of the political situation between the two countries just before the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895. By comparison,the author hopes that he could explain the reason,why the Qing Government lost that war