略论畲族与汉族客家在血统、语言及农耕等方面文化互动的"主客"定位

从一般意义上说,汉族客家是历史上“司豫移民”在战乱中由中原南迁赣南、闽西、粤东一带原畲族聚居区的特定条件下形成的一个民系,是畲、客文化互动的结果。近人称说客家话的都为“客家人”。在客家民系形成、壮大的过程中,畲族在血缘关系、客话的产生及农耕习俗等都曾对其产生深刻的影响。但有的论著仍偏面强调所谓“客家文化优势”“同化”畲族的“强势”效能,有违历实。本文试从这几个方面阐述畲族对客家及其文化特征形成所产生的历史作用,以纠正畲中“混入客”、畲族“说客话”及向来“刀耕火种”诸说的偏颇。

On the Culture Exchange of "Host & Guest" Position in the She Nationality and Han Nationality Kejia in their Blood Lineage, Languages and Farming Customs

In general,Han Nationality Kejia is the "settlers of Si Zhou and Yu Zhou"in the history,they moved from central plains(the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River,including most of Hu'nan,Western Shandong and southern Hebei & Shanxi provinces)to southern Jiangxi,western Fujian and eastern Guangdong during the wars.It became the people system under the special circumstances of living with the original region inhabited by the She Nationality.The She Nationality exerted a deep influence in the produce of Kejia people system of the blood lineage,Kejia language and farming customs during their form and development.But some works still stress the so-called the efficacy of "Kejia culture supremacy"over She Nationality.It goes against the facts of the history.This article will try to elaborate the historical function of the She Nationality for Kejia and the of the characteristics of its culture.In order to rectify the biased views of "Kejia"sneaking into the She Nationality,She Nationality speaking "Kejia Language"and She Nationality's "slash-and burn farming"and so on.