Mental effort and elaboration: A developmental analysis |
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| Institution: | 1. Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi;2. School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi;3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi;1. Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China;2. School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore;3. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China;1. Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary;2. University of Leipzig, Institute of Psychology, Neumarkt 9-19, D-04109 Leipzig, Germany;3. Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Izabella utca 46, H-1064 Budapest, Hungary;1. Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium;2. Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, CNRS UMR 5229, Bron, France |
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| Abstract: | Dual-task procedures—finger tapping and associative memory—were used to examine developmental differences in the amount of mental effort required to deploy rehearsal and elaboration. Sixth- and college-grade subjects participated. Subjects performed the strategies aloud in Experiment 1 vs silently in Experiment 2. Recall results showed the superiority of elaboration over rehearsal in associative memory. Mental effort estimates were based on the amount of finger-tapping interference produced by concurrent memory strategy activity. Evidence for a developmental difference in mental effort was found only in the second experiment. A significant age-by-condition interaction indicated a small age-related increase in the effort required to use rehearsal, accompanied by a much larger developmental decline in the elaboration effort. |
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