A preliminary investigation on diffusion through a layered system |
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| Authors: | Ronald Rousseau Yuxian Liu Fred Y. Ye |
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| Affiliation: | 1. KHBO (Association K.U. Leuven), Faculty of Engineering Technology, Zeedijk 101, B-8400 Oostende, Belgium;2. K.U. Leuven, Department of Mathematics, Celestijnenlaan 200B, B-3001 Leuven (Heverlee), Belgium;3. Antwerp University (UA), IOIW, Venusstraat 35, B 2000 Antwerp, Belgium;4. Tongji University, Library of Tongji University, Siping Street 1239, Shanghai 200092, China;5. Zhejiang University, Department of Information Resource Management, Hangzhou 310027 China;1. Institute of Physics of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Brazil;2. Institute of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, University of São Paulo, National Institute of Science and Technology for Complex Systems, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;1. School of Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands;2. Department of Innovation Studies, Utrecht University, The Netherlands;1. Capital University of Economics and Business, School of Safety and Environmental Engineering, 100070 Beijing, China;2. Steinbeis Advanced Risk Technologies, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany;3. HASTAM, 35-37 High St, Barrow upon Soar, Loughborough LE12 8PY, UK;4. Safety Science Group, Delft University of Technology, Postbus 5015, 2600GA Delft, Netherlands;1. School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;2. Department of Mathematics, KU Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium;3. Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Antwerp (UA), Antwerp B-2000, Belgium;1. ISEG (Lisbon School of Economics & Management), Universidade de Lisboa, Rua do Quelhas, 6, 1200-781 Lisboa, Portugal;2. Research Unit on Complexity and Economics (UECE), Rua Miguel Lupi, 20, 1249-078 Lisboa, Portugal |
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| Abstract: | We introduce layered systems such as the citations–citing authors–citing institutes–citing countries one. Diffusion of scientific ideas flows through such layered systems. Our contribution contains three main topics: a fractional counting system for the number of different units in a layer; the fractional number of items of the same type, i.e. in the same layer, over which ideas have been diffused; and the evenness of diffusion over different layers. In this way we construct a coherent system to measure the extent to which scientific ideas are diffused. |
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