美国流动儿童教育“综合需求评估”项目述评

近年来,美国在提升流动儿童教育质量方面积累了丰富的经验,完备的流动儿童教育综合需求评估体系是其重要成果之一。为全面了解流动儿童的教育需求,提升相关教育援助的适切性,美国组建了集评估专家、学科教育专家、流动教育工作者、流动儿童父母等多方利益相关者为一体的多层次评估团队,构建了基于流动儿童独特性的评估内容框架,提出了评估实施的五个阶段。制度保障严密完备、指导文件明确具体、评估过程自主灵活、重视多元交流协作等是其主要特征。受其启发,我们可以从健全相关立法、完善监管体系、细化指导意见、精选评估内容、关注学生差异和强化多元协作六个方面完善流动儿童教育质量监测与评估体系。

A Review of Comprehensive Needs Assessment for Migrant Children Education in the United States

The United States has accumulated rich experience in improving the education quality of migrant children,and a complete evaluation system of Comprehensive Needs Assessment for Migrant Education is one of its important achievements.In order to have a thorough understanding of migrant children’s educational needs and improve the applicability of related educational service,the United States established an evaluation team that accommodates various stakeholders including evaluation experts,subject education experts,staff of migrant education,and parents of migrant children.It also constructed an assessment content framework based on the particularity of migrant children,and proposed five stages of evaluation implementation.Its main characteristics include a strict and complete system,clear and specific guidance,independent and flexible assessment process,and emphasis on multiple exchanges and collaboration.Inspired by this,we can improve the education quality monitoring and evaluation system for migrant children from six aspects:improve the relevant legislation,refine the supervision system,specify guidance,select evaluation content,pay attention to individual difference,and strengthen multiple collaborations.