Effects of Boundary Conditions on the Design of Anti-Ram Bollards |
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Authors: | LIU Chunlin LI Guoqiang PHANG Siew Kheong SUN Jianyun |
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Affiliation: | 1. K&C Protective Technologies Ple Ltd,159361,Singapore;School of Civil Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China 2. School of Civil Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China 3. K&C Protective Technologies Ple Ltd,159361,Singapore |
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Abstract: | Anti-ram bollards used in perimeter protection are tested to meet performance requirements of established standards such as the US Department of State Specification SD-STD-02.01. Under these standards, tests are conducted in prescribed conditions that should be representative of the service installation. In actual project, conditions encountered on site may vary from the test environment and it would be expensive and time consuming to validate each deviation with a physical test. High-fidelity physics-based (HFPB) finite element modeling can provide precise simulations of the behavior of anti-ram bollards. This paper presents the use of HFPB finite element modeling, using LS-DYNA, in an actual project to evaluate the performance of an anti-ram bollard design subjected to various boundary conditions representing the physical conditions encountered on site. The study shows that boundary conditions can have a significant influence on the performance of the anti-ram bollards. This suggests that anti-ram bollards must be designed and engineered according to actual conditions that are found on site. It also shows that HFPB modeling can be an effective tool that supplements physical testing of anti-ram bollards. |
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Keywords: | anti-ram bollards perimeter protection high-fidelity physics-based modeling LS-DYNA boundary conditions |
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