Influence of schizotypy on responding and contingency awareness on free-operant schedules of reinforcement |
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| Authors: | Jordan Randell Rob Searle Phil Reed |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816-1390, USA;2. Psychology Department and Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Israel;3. UCLA Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA;1. Center of Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatics, University Hospital, University of Cagliari, Italy;2. Section on Clinical Psychology, Department of Education, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Italy;3. Genneruxi Medical Center, Cagliari, Italy;4. Unit of Research and development, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain;1. Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada;2. University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Schedules of reinforcement typically produce reliable patterns of behaviour, and one factor that can cause deviations from these normally reliable patterns is schizotypy. Low scorers on the unusual experiences subscale of the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences performed as expected on a yoked random-ratio (RR), random-interval (RI) schedule of reinforcement, with significantly higher rates of responding on the RR schedule than in the RI schedule. However, high scorers in UE showed no such differences between response rates between the RR and RI schedules. In addition, contingency awareness scores were high, and did not differ in low UE scorers for both types of schedule, whilst awareness scores differed significantly between the schedules in high UE scorers, with more awareness of the RR schedule than the RI one. These results suggest that, as well as being unable to differentiate between the RR and RI schedules in terms of response rates, high UE scorers are also unable to verbally describe the RI schedule parameters. |
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