单项任务与双重任务条件下平衡训练提高老年人平衡能力比较研究

目的:研究不同平衡训练方法对提高老年人抗摔倒平衡能力影响.方法:通过对36名分为单项平衡训练组(ST)、固定双重任务训练组(FP)和不定双重任务训练组(VP)健康老年人(70.65±5.48岁),进行为期8周、每周3次、每次45min的不同方法的平衡训练.在训练前、后分别进行BBS、TUG、ABC、SOT、LOS指标测试,进行统计分析讨论.结果:在CDP标准测试条件下SOT、BBS、ABC测试,3组训练后都有显著提高,P＜0.05,FP、VP组比单项任务组明显高,FP组P＜0.05、VP组P＜0.001.LOS测试,3个对照组测试结果无统计学显著性差异.TUG测试,3组训练后都有显著降低,P＜0.05,FP、VP组比单项任务组明显降低,FP组P＜0.05、VP组P＜0.001.VP组比FP组测试指标表现出更好的平衡功能.结论:单项任务的平衡训练可以使老年人在双重任务条件下的表现部分提高,而双重任务条件下的平衡训练表现能更好地优化老年人在双重任务条件下的稳定性.VP条件下双重任务训练,注意力同时分配在认识与平衡任务上,是最佳化提高老年人平衡功能、防摔倒的训练方法.

Comparative Study on Balance Training in Improving Balance Function of Elderly People under the Condition of Single Task and Dual Task

Objective:To study whether the balance training has an effect on balance function of reducing risk for falls.Method:Thirty-six female and male elderly participants used in this study were separated into three groups:single-task balance training dual-task training under a fixed-priority instructional set,and dual-task training under a variable-priority instructional set.All participants were in 45-minute balance training sessions 3 times a week for 8 weeks.Statistical analysis determined that significant effects on balance in different balance training approaches.Result:The participant who received balance training under dual-task conditions showed dual-task training benefits,three groups displayed significantly high mean of SOT,BBS and ABC,P<0.05.FP,VP displayed significantly high than ST,FP:P<0.05,VP:P<0.001.The main effects of exercise were not significant at an alpha level of 0.05 in LOS Tests.Three groups displayed significantly less mean of TUG,P<0.05.FP,VP displayed significantly higher than ST,FP:P<0.05,VP:P<0.001.Conclusion:These outcomes suggest the conditions under which balance should be trained in elder adults.Although balance training under single-task conditions may result in some carryover to dual-task conditions,dual-task balance training appears to be necessary to optimize stability during the performance of concurrent tasks.VP can be generalized to other dual tasks that are not directly trained.