清代北京的旗、民一体化进程--兼论北京满汉文化的交融

满族统治者定鼎中原后,为保持本民族的优势地位,将其在关外创立的八旗制度与中原儒家伦理观照下的传统制度体系相铆合,采取了“旗、民分治”的统治策略,在旗、民的居住、交产、婚姻、司法、职业、教育及社会控制等各个方面构筑了严密的藩篱和经界。然而,这些措施的推行从一开始就与统治者的初衷相悖,且面临着难以克服的困难。各地的旗、民一体化进程却在分治中日渐加速,这一状况在聚居八旗人口近全国半数的八旗“大本营”—北京体现得尤为明显。

Integration of Banner People and Civilians in the Qing Dynasty

After establishing regime in the Central China ,the Manchus took a wise tactics to keep an advantage in state political power. On the one hand ,they earned legitimate rule over the Han Chinese by taking advantage of the Confucian culture. On the other hand, they set themselves up as a privileged minority by pursuing the Eight Banner System. Thus set boundaries between the banner people and the civilians:administratively,occupationally,residentially,educationally,and socially. However, the carrying out of these measures was challenged fiercely from the very beginning,and the differences between the Manchus and the Han Chinese were removed gradually. The aforementioned situation was reflected even more obviously in Beijing than in other places.