试论元杂剧中的货卜先生

元杂剧中有许多货卜先生,他们中有的是神仙的化身,有的是得道高人,有的是市井小民。这些看似不起眼的人物,在剧中却发挥着重要的作用,他们的卜辞有的就像一个情节预告,作为一根隐形的线索贯穿于整个故事;有的则通过左右主人公的行动和命运引导故事情节的发展。元杂剧之所以将民间算命这种方式运用于其中,这与中国人的宿命观、戏曲的起源、元代社会状况等有很大关系。这种特有的形式也产生了消极的影响即宣扬宿命论。

The Fortunetellers in the Yuan Dynasty Dramas

There are a lot of fortunetellers in the Yuan Dynasty Dramas.The fortunetellers could be immortal incarnates,holy hermits or ordinary townsfolk.They appears to be inconspicuous persons,but they often play important role in the dramas.Their prophecy could sometimes contribute as an invisible clue running through episodes or to a spontaneous flow of the plots by influencing the protagonists’ decision and destiny.Nevertheless,the reason why the folk fortune-telling frequently appears in the Yuan Dynasty Dramas is very much related to the general conviction about a predetermined fate,the origins of the traditional Chinese opera and the society then and there.This characteristic of the Yuan Dynasty Dramas should be noted while it exerts a bad influence of preaching fatalism.