上古授时仪式与农事诗——以《夏小正》、《七月》、彝族“根谱”为例

上古时期的农事与祭仪都有很严格的季节性,社会生活的外在表现为一幕幕与特定物候相对应的季节性仪式景观。《夏小正》以韵文的形式,依一年十二月分十二章,借助每月中典型的季节性物候景观标示着相应的社会生活节奏,是早期敬授民时仪式的产物。它的传播,使季节性景观成为农事、祭祀等生活内容的重要表征形式。这从创作动机、文体特征、表现方式等多方面影响到农事类歌谣的文体特征。

Time Service Rites of Remote Antiquity and Poems of Farm Work

Farm work and rites of remote antiquity were strictly seasonal,and social activities showed the features of corresponding seasonal rites.Xiaoxiaozhen,based on the style of rhyme and divided into 12 chapters according to 12 months of a year,had the aid of typical seasonal phenology to indicate the rhythm of social activities.It was also a product of time service rite of remote antiquity.Its spreading made the seasonal scenery become an important symbol of farm work and rites,which influenced the genre of poems of farm work.