制度组态视角下数字生态激发创业活跃度的多元路径——基于NCA与fsQCA的研究

如何优化数字生态环境激发区域创业活跃度是亟待解决的重要管理问题。本文基于制度逻辑理论，采用必要条件分析（NCA）与模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA）方法，以中国31个省区市为案例，检验了数字政府、数字基础、数字经济、数字能力与数字社会5个条件对区域创业活跃度的组态效应。研究结果表明：数字政府、数字基础、数字经济是区域创业活跃度的必要条件，其重要性程度依次为数字政府、数字基础与数字经济。存在“政府统筹—市场决定型“”政府赋能—市场调节型“”市场调节—社会助力型“”政府统筹—社会助力型”4类产生高创业活跃度的制度组态。存在3类产生非高创业活跃度的制度组态，呈现出以下2个特征：数字生态中各要素均表现不佳；在缺少政府统筹或赋能的情况下，即使市场发挥调节作用，也不能产生高区域创业活跃度。研究揭示了数字生态影响创业活跃度的多元路径，对优化地区数字生态环境，更好激发市场主体创业活力具有重要的实践启示。

Multiple Paths for Improving Entrepreneurial Activity in Digital Ecology from the Perspective of Institutional Configuration—A Study Based on NCA and fsQCA

How to optimize the digital ecology to stimulate regional entrepreneurial activity is an important management problem that needs to be solved. Based on institutional logic theory， the configuration effects of five conditions on regional entrepreneurial activity， namely， digital government， digital foundation， digital economy， digital capability， and digital society， are examined using the Necessary Conditions Analysis （NCA） and Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis （fsQCA） methods with 31 Chinese provinces and cities as cases. The results show that digital government， digital foundation， and digital economy are necessary conditions for regional entrepreneurial activity， and the degree of their importance is in descending order of digital government， digital foundation， and digital economy. There are four types of institutional configurations that generate high entrepreneurial activity： “government-coordinated-market-determined” “government-empowered-market-regulated” “market-regulated-socially-assisted” and “government-coordinated-socially-assisted”. There are three types of institutional configurations that generate non-high entrepreneurial activity， showing the following two characteristics： first， all elements of the digital ecology perform poorly， and second， in the absence of government coordination or empowerment， even if the market plays a regulating role， it does not lead to high regional entrepreneurial activity. It reveals the multiple paths of digital ecology affecting entrepreneurial activity， which has important practical insights for optimizing the regional digital ecological environment and better stimulating the entrepreneurial vitality of market players.