Nanolime suspensions applied on natural lithotypes: The influence of concentration and residual water content on carbonatation process and on treatment effectiveness

Ca(OH)2 particles with submicrometric dimensions (nanolimes) are recently introduced in cultural heritage conservation, in order to improve lime treatments. Lime nanoparticles are typically produced by a chemical precipitation process in supersaturated aqueous solutions of the reactants (calcium chloride CaCl₂] and sodium hydroxide NaOH]); water is then partially substituted with 2-propanol in order to improve stability and to reduce a random orientation of the particles. Aim of the present work is to analyse the influence of the nanolime suspensions concentration on the carbonatation process, in relation to the residual water content too. The obtained lime nanoparticles are characterised by X-rays diffraction (XRD) and profile analysis. Afterwards, the influence of the suspension concentration on stones protective treatments is evaluated: alcoholic nanolime suspensions, characterised by different concentration values, are applied on several natural lithotypes. Standard tests are performed to estimate the superficial consolidation and the protective treatment effectiveness: “Scotch tape test” (STT) and capillarity test. Porosimetric investigations are performed too.