中国共产党领导下高考制度的价值取向演进探析--基于政策分析的视角

中国共产党领导下的高考制度经历了数次变革与调整,每一阶段的高考制度既是当下时代发展的产物,又是中国共产党基于国家教育事业价值判断的战略选择。回顾中国共产党百年治教兴学史,党领导下的高考制度从中国共产党建立到新中国成立前体现以效率为目标、采取集中管控手段的政治价值取向,新中国成立到20世纪末体现以公平为杠杆、形成统一招生模式的经济价值取向,21世纪以来体现以发展为中心、探索多元招生方式的教育价值取向。中国共产党领导下高考制度的价值取向蕴含着从关注工具价值到重视本体价值、从关注重点部分到重视整体布局、从关注群体发展到重视个体差异的演进逻辑,启示我国高考制度改革要抓牢为党育人、为国选才的基本方向,在坚持统一高考的前提下探索多元化招生方式,破解突出问题,最大限度发挥高考制度育人价值。

On the Evolution of the Value Orientation of the College Entrance Examination System under the Leadership of the Communist Party of China:Based on the Perspective of Policy Analysis

The college entrance examination system under the leadership of the Communist Party of China has undergone several changes and adjustments.Each stage of the college entrance examination system is not only the product of the development of the times,but also the strategic choice of our party based on the value judgment of national education.Looking back on the centennial history of the Communist Party of China,the college entrance examination system under the leadership of the Communist Party of China reflects the political value orientation of taking efficiency as the goal and adopting centralized control means from the founding of the Communist Party of China to the founding of the people’s Republic of China.From the founding of the people’s Republic of China to the end of the 20th century,it reflects the economic value orientation of taking fairness as the lever and forming an unified enrollment mode.Since the 21st century,it reflects the educational value orientation of taking development as the center and exploring diversified enrollment methods.It contains the evolution logic from focusing on tool value to ontology value,from focusing on key parts to focusing on overall layout,and from focusing on group development to focusing on individual differences.The reform of college entrance examination system should focus on the basic direction of college entrance examination system for the party to select people for the country to cultivate talents,adhere to the premise of unified college entrance examination to explore diversified enrollment methods,solve prominent problems,and maximize the educational value of college entrance examination system.