试论和话题有关的几个概念

“话题”（Topic）是和“述题”（Comment）相对的话语层面的概念，语义上的“有关性”（Aboutness）是话题和述题之间的基本关系属性。从词性上看，体词性或谓词性的句法成分都可以充当话题；从数量上看，话题可以不止一个。话题是“准话题”（Further-topic）的现实表现。“话题”和“焦点”（Focus）是从不同的语用层面进行的分类，两者可以在信息新旧度上建立起一个由旧到新的连续统。

Comment on Several Concepts of Topic

Topic is a relative concept to rheme on the levels of discourse.The basic relationship between them is pertinence.Both nominal word and predicate word can be used as topic.The topic in a sentence can be more than only one and the topic is the realistic embidiment of the further-topic.Topic and focus are two concepts classified according to different pragmatic function.They can make a continuum from old information to new information.