中国地级以上城市的工资差异:原因及趋势

本文运用2003-2009年中国地级以上城市数据,在新新经济地理的理论框架下分析了城市间工资差异的决定因素,估计结果发现:(1)产业集聚效应、人才归类效应和市场选择效应显著地影响了工资水平,而新经济地理过高估计了产业集聚的作用。(2)动态角度来看,产业集聚对工资水平的影响持续增加,这意味着城市间工资差异将加速扩大而不是收敛;但人才归类效应和市场选择效应的递减可能会弱化这一进程。(3)行政级别较高的城市,工资水平较高;社会管理人员比重较高的城市,工资水平较低。(4)港台企业对工资水平的影响逐渐变小,而外资企业的影响逐渐增加;此外金融发展、基础设施和人均资本与工资水平呈正相关关系。

The Wage Differences among Cities in China: Causes and Trends

Using the data of cities at prefecture level or above in China from 2003 to 2009,based on the New New Economic Geography,we analyzed the determinants of wages.The results show that:(1) the agglomeration,sorting and selection effect affect urban wages,and New Economic Geography overestimates the role of agglomeration;(2) From dynamic viewpoint,we find agglomeration elasticity is increasing,which means wage differentials will continue to divergence rather than convergence;however,sorting and selection effects maybe reduce this divergence process;(3) Cities with higher administrative authorities have higher wages,but too many officers will reduce mean wage;(4) Impact of Hong Kong and Taiwan firms become smaller,while foreign-funded firms become stronger.In addition,finance,infrastructure and capital per capita have positive correlation with wages.