美国联邦政府开展的基础研究绩效评估及其启示

近十年来，对政府资助的科学研究进行的绩效评估得到了迅速推广，但在“为何评估”、“评估什么”和“如何评估”等问题上，各国有着不同的认识和做法。本文介绍了美国联邦政府开展的基础研究绩效评估的背景、《政府绩效与结果法案》（GPRA）实施前后美国国家科学基金会（NSF）和国立卫生研究院（NIH）的绩效评估实践，进而对我国的相关问题提出相应的政策建议。

U.S. federal evaluation on performance and results of public-funded basic research

Although evaluating the performance and outcome of publicly funded research has been increased rapidly in most industrialized and developing countries since the last decade, different opinions and practices remain in this field. The paper analyzes the background of US federal evaluation on performance of fundamental science and introduces the implementation of the Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) at National Science Foundation (NSF) and National Institutes of Health (NIH). As a conclusion it also gives some suggestions about evaluation on basic research in China.