端粒、端粒酶与运动科学

端粒是真核细胞染色体末端的特殊结构,主要功能是保护染色体不被核酸降解,防止染色体末端的丢失和融合,维持基因的稳定.端粒酶则是能合成端粒DNA的酶,使得端粒的长度和结构得以保持.端粒和端粒酶的发现激起了生命科学对衰老、肿瘤、干细胞等的研究热潮.从端粒和端粒酶与运动员科学选材、运动组织损伤的修复、对成体干细胞的修饰与应用、保护提高线粒体功能、调节胞浆Ca2＋和细胞因子、参与细胞周期调控等诸方面进行综述,旨在为端粒和端粒酶这一最新成果引进运动科学研究提供参考依据.

Telomere, Telomerase and Sports Science

Telomeres are specialized structures an important role in protecting chromosome from d at the ends of chromosomes in eukaryotic cells. It plays egradation, preventing the missing and fusion of the ends of chromosome and keeping the stability of gene. Telomerase which synthesizes telomeric DNA maintains the length and the stability of telomeric structure. Recently, studies on aging, tumor and stem cells have been arising in life science since the discovery of telomeres and telomerase. The article introduces the relationship between telomeres and telomerase and talented athlete identification, the repairing of tissue injury, the modification and application of adult stem cells, the protection and enhancement of mitochondrial function, the regulation of the concentration of Ca^2＋ in cytoplasm and cytokines, and cell cycle regulation, etc., aiming to offer references for sports research on the newest achievements of telomeres and telomerase.