自定“一流学科”政策分析与优化

第二轮“双一流”建设工程中出台了赋予个别高校自主遴选建设学科权的政策,这一政策在当前我国高等教育不断深化改革过程中具有丰富的内涵。基于政策分析的基本框架,从事实、价值、规范和可行性四个维度做了全面剖析。从政策事实维度看,这是高等教育强国建设新阶段对政策创新能力的必然要求,是世界一流大学建设新阶段不断提高政策创新能力的现实需要,是高等教育深化改革新阶段所做出的实质性探索和举措。从政策价值维度看,能提振我国世界一流大学发展的制度自信,是对政策实施对象办学主体性的价值承认,能对其他办学主体产生示范价值。从政策规范维度看,自定建设学科是在世界一流大学建设新阶段的重大政策创新,需要在充分尊重办学主体决定权基础上加强宏观政策指导。从政策可行性维度看,该政策的试点具备技术和经济可行性。在全面建设高等教育强国新阶段,需要进一步优化这一政策举措,具体包括：进一步提升政府的高等教育宏观政策创新能力,进一步完善高校内部治理体系以提升自治能力,进一步探索和凝练中国特色世界一流大学发展模式。

Analysis and Optimization of the Self-Determined "First-class Discipline" Policy

In the second round of the "double first-class" construction project, a new policy was introduced to empower individual universities to independently select the constructing disciplines. This policy has rich connotations in the process of deepening reform of higher education in China for the time being. A comprehensive analysis was conducted from four dimensions based on the basic policy analysis framework, namely fact, value, norm, and feasibility. From the perspective of policy fact, it is an inevitable requirement for the policy innovation capability at the new stage of building a strong country in higher education, a practical need for continuously improving its policy innovation capability at the new stage of building world-class universities, and a substantive exploration and measure made at the new stage of deepening higher education reform. From the perspective of policy value, it can boost the institutional confidence in the development of world-class universities in China, serves as a value-recognition for the policy implementation objects on their subjectivity of school-running, and can generate demonstration value for other educational entities. From the perspective of policy norm, the self-determined construction of disciplines is a major policy innovation at the new stage of world-class universities construction, which calls for the enhancement of macro-level policy guidance on the basis of fully respecting the decision-making rights of school-running subjects. From the perspective of policy feasibility, the pilot of this policy has both technical and economic feasibility. At the new stage of comprehensively building a strong country in higher education, it is necessary to further optimize and improve this policy measure from the following aspects: further enhancing the government''s macro policy innovation capability in higher education, further improving the internal governance system of universities to enhance their autonomy, and further exploring and refining the development model of world-class universities with Chinese characteristics.