论宋代的诗歌“虚字”理论

宋代的诗歌“虚字”理论已经全面地涉及到对诗歌中虚字的态度、作用，是古代诗歌理论的重要内容。第一，宋代诗歌虚字理论认为虚字能够把复杂的、细微的情事表达出来；有时炼字得当，虚字甚至能成为句眼。第二，宋代诗歌虚字理论认为虚字有“斡旋”之功，能使得诗句有流转如弹丸之美。第三，虚字可以使得诗句疏宕、散朗。宋代是中国古代诗歌“虚字”理论的繁荣期，对元明清诗论家有关古代诗歌“虚字”理论产生重要影响。

On Theory of Function Words in Poetry of the Song Dynasty

Being an important part of the ancient poetry theory, theory of function words in poetry of the Song Dynas- ty has fully involved people＇ s attitude towards function words and their role in poetry. Its main contents are as the followings. In this theory, firstly, function words can give expression to the complex and subtle facts and circumstanc- es. While being used properly and accurately, function words even can be one of the most refined vividly words in po- etry. Secondly, function words can mediate the verses so well as to make them perfectly smooth and extremely beauti- ful. Thirdly, function words can make the verses filled with not only cadences and melodic fluency but also elegance and brightness. Song Dynasty, the flourishing period of the Chinese ancient poetry theory, had a significant impact on poetic theorists of Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasty ,who studied the theory about function words of ancient poetry.