城市化背景下城乡居民体育权利均等化的政策解读——以《全民健身计划纲要》为研究视角

摘要：研究的主要目的在于分析当前城市化背景下城乡居民体育权利均等化中存在的现实性问题。主要以《全民健身计划纲要》为研究视角，针对城市化背景下城乡居民在体育权利均等化方面出现的种种现实问题进行深入研究分析，以其为《全民健身计划》的顺利实施提供一定帮助。采用文献资料法、访谈法等研究方法，对城市化背景下城乡居民体育权利均等化的相关政策进行分析研究。研究认为，城市化是社会生产力发展的现实反映，而体育权利是一项基本的人权，二者都是社会文明进程中必不可少的关键环节。由于我国城乡二元体制差异致使城乡居民在现实生活中享受体育权利存在较大差异，因此国家从宏观政策上出台了《全民健身计划纲要》和《全民健身计划（2011-2015）》二项重要的政策来推动城乡居民体育的均衡性发展，但是由于在具体操作过程中这二项宏观政策都客观存在着目标、执行和评估等现实问题，致使这种均等化难以完全落实，因此只有这些问题真正得到解决，才能真正实现城乡居民体育权利的均等化。本研究的价值在于《全民健身计划》是国家行政意志的具体体现，同时也是地方政府各部门要遵照执行的具体指导性纲领，对《全民健身计划》的深入研究，可以找到解决当前城市化背景下城乡居民体育权利均等化中存在的诸种现实问题的出路，同时也可以从操作层面进一步更好地落实城乡居民体育权利均等化。

An Explanation of Urban and Rural Resident Sports Right Equalization Policy in the Context of Urbanization: A Case Study of Outline of the Nationwide Body-Building Plan

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to analyze problems existed in urban and rural resident sports right equalization in the context of urbanization, by the case study of Outline of the Nationwide Body-Building Plan. We also hope this study can help the implement of the plan. This paper analyzed urban and rural resident sports right equalization policies in the context of urbanization by the methods of literature review and interview. The results showed that urbanization is a reflection of social productivity development and sports right is a basic human right. Both of them are the key parts of civilization. Due to the dual systems, urban and rural resident have huge differences of sports right. Chinese government put forward Outline of the Nationwide Body-Building Plan and the Nationwide Body-Building Plan, 2011-2015 to promote balancing development of their sports macroscopically. But the equalization is hard to carry out completely because of target, run, and evaluation problems of these two policies. Only these problems to be solved can realize the equalization. The Nationwide Body-Building Plan, 2011-2015 is the concrete reflection of national willpower and guiding program for local government. Making a deep research on it can find out some solutions of these problems and promote the equalization in operational level.