禅门机缘语与中唐的尚奇之风

禅门机缘语的产生有其历史渊源和现实背景。从历史上说 ,魏晋清谈的“赌理”,是禅家机缘对话的滥觞。禅门的一些基本辩论方式以及所辩论的内容 ,在魏晋清谈之中早有端倪。从中唐以后的社会状况来看 ,由于战乱频仍 ,大量流民涌入禅门 ,迫使禅门授徒方针由原来的招揽改为拒斥 ,所以也就造成了机缘语的隐晦与诡怪。此外 ,中唐以后 ,由于社会和人们心态的变化 ,整个文化界出现一种尚奇和“解构”之风 ,机缘语的奇特 ,也是这种思潮的反映 ,它是与当时的文化语境密切相关的。

Jiyuanyu in Chin-Buddhism and the Inclination to Grotesqueness of the Mid-Tang Dynasty

The emergence of Jiyuanyu (“the occasion discourses”) in Chan-Buddhism is to be explained through its historical origins and social backgrounds.Historically speaking,the “occasion conversations”of Chan-Buddhism originated from the “reason-gambling”( du li )in the pure conversations of Wei-Jin period.Some of the basic patterns and contents of the Chan discourses germinated from the Wei-Jin pure conversation( qing tan ).On the other hand,we should observe the social conditions after the mid-Tang Dynasty.Due to frequent wars,a large number of refugees stormed into Chan-Buddhist temples.The Chan masters were forced to change their attitude toward the pupils from seeking and soliciting to refusing and rejecting.Beyond that,because of the changes in social conditions and people's thinking after the mid-Tang Dynasty,grotesqueness and “deconstruction”emerged as a phenomenon in the whole cultural circles.The grotesqueness of the Jiyuanyu in Chan discourses was also a reflection of this ideological trend.It was closely related to the actual cultural environment.