近代爱国主义思潮层次再论

中国近代爱国主义思潮以御外、强国、改革、进步为主旋律，经历了四个大的历史发展阶段。每一阶段都有新的时代特色和阶级特征，形成了结构复杂、层次繁多的近代爱国主义思潮，并从一个浪潮走向第一个浪潮。鸦片战争后的经世、洋务、维新、革命等社会思潮，无不首先作为蕴藏着爱国主题的社会思潮出现。

Restudying the Administrative Levels of the Ideological Trend of Modern Patriotism

The ideological trend of Patriotism of modern China focuses on resisting the foreign invaders, strengthening and reforming our motherland, and making progress.It has gone through four major historical stages. Each stage has its own historical features and characteristics of social classes, forming a complex, multi stage ideological trend of modern patriotism that went from one tide to another. After the Opium War, each of the social ideological trend such as the Reformation, Westernization, Modernization and Revolution appear with a theme of patriotism.