美国报业市场化的"困境"

尽管美国报业市场化的进程从未停止过,报业组织也尽力适应市场环境的变化和挑战,但发行量的颓势一直是困扰报业的一大顽症.美国报业"公共职能"的履行是"产权私有"的报业组织经"市场化竞争"来实现的.这一固有的矛盾不但是美国报业业绩下滑的深层根源,而且正在导致美国报纸所秉承"哨卡"和"社会公器"的社会职能的退化.报纸上评论文章的减少和读者信息接近权"萎缩"已使美国报纸所依赖的新闻理论--社会责任论陷入尴尬的境地.

Difficulties of Market-oriented Journalism in U.S.A.

Although the process of market-oriented journalism continued and newspaper organizations are striving to fit the paper market environment and face the challenge of it, the reduction of circulation or household penetration are still perplexing the American paper industry. The fulfillment of American paper's"public function" is by means of market competition among the paper organizations based on private-owned property, this intrinsic contradictory is not only the cause of circulation reduction, but also leading to the degeneration of the American paper's monitoring role; at the same time, the decreasing of critics and editorials in American newspapers and the dwindling of readers' access to information put the basic journalism theory of social responsibility into the predicament situation.