史诗《江格尔》中勇士幻化蜘蛛母题

勇士、美女幻化成蜘蛛的题材普遍存在于蒙古史诗中,形成一种较为固定的、规范化的勇士幻化蜘蛛母题.这类神变题材对史诗人物形象的塑造,以及情节的丰富诸方面起到了积极的作用,表现了蒙古民族对超自然、超现实神秘力量的祟尚,增强了史诗的趣味性和艺术力量.蒙古史诗中神变题材的产生并不偶然,是源于一定的宗教观念,有着深刻的社会历史根源.蒙古族传统萨满教认为万物有灵,崇信超自然的神秘力量,且极富魔法变化观念.史诗《江格尔》中出现的勇士、美女幻化成蜘蛛的母题同其它类型的幻化题材一样,都是以一定的宗教观念为基础,是曾经存在过的某种宗教观念向审美的文学艺术形式积淀和演化而来的结果.《江格尔》中出现的勇士幻化成蜘蛛的题材,同蒙古民间流传的蜘蛛预兆凶吉的观念,在起源上都是以一定的宗教观念为基础的,有着特殊的文化内涵.

The Metamorphosis of the Valiant into a Spider A Motif in the Epic Jangar

The theme that warriors and beauties magically change into spiders exists very commonly in Mongolian epics and develops a comparatively more settled and normalized motif that warriors magically change into spiders. The theme of this kind has impacted actively on molding the figure of the epic as well as enriching the plot of the epic and it conveys the worship of Mongolian people towards the mysterious power beyond nature and reality enhancing the interest and power of art of the epic. The development of the theme of the magical change in Mongolian epic is not coincidental but originates from certain religious thinking and has its profound social and historical reasons. Traditional Mongolian Shamanism believes that all creatures are spiritual, worships mysterious power beyond nature and is full of imagination of magical changing. The motif that warriors and beauties magically change into spiders appears in the epic Jianger, the same as the themes of other types, based on certain religious concept, is the result of accumulation and evolution from certain religious concept used to exist to esthetic literature and art form. The origins of both the theme that warriors magically change into spiders in Jianger and the thinking that spiders can be premonition of good or bad luck are based on certain religious concept and has their particular cultural connotation.