从历次语文课程文件看语言知识内容的发展

历次语文课程文件的颁布和发行，是一定社会需要和时代思潮发展的结果，同时也反映了人们对语文课程认识的深化。清末和民国时期的语文课程大都强调语言知识内容学习的实用取向，新中国成立后，我国大陆语文课程语言知识内容的学习取向有以探究实用为主逐渐转向以掌握系统完备的语言知识为重点的发展趋势，这种趋势在以后又有部分的反复，并最终回归到注重语言知识的有用性学习的轨道上来。我国语文课程文件中语言知识类别的发展趋势是由笼统走向分化，由简单逐渐丰富。教学要求则由透彻理解向触类旁通发展。

On the Development of Chinese Linguistic Knowledge from the View of Previous Curriculum Documents

Previously-issued Chinese curriculum documents in line with social progress and times reflects a profound understanding of Chinese curriculum. In the late Qing Dynasty and during the Republic of China period, for example, Chinese curriculum emphasized the practical orientation in language learning; after the founding of new China, the learning orientation experienced a transformation from practical enquiry to systematic linguistic knowledge acquisition. This tendency partly reversed afterwards, and finally returned to the pragmatic orientation. In sum, the language learning in Chinese curriculum documents has developed from general to differentiation, and gradually from simplicity to abundance, and from thorough understanding to suggestive comprehension.