村民交际中的人情伦理与互惠原则--上海松江张泽镇村民视野中的礼物馈赠

上海松江张泽镇村民日常生活中的礼物馈赠活动,体现了村民交际中的人情伦理和互惠原则。具体而言,当地流行的礼物馈曾习俗,在村民交际中承载着尽道德义务和表达感情的双重内容;当地至今仍有的制作和保存“喜帐”的民俗事象,这一习俗是村民家庭社交史中重大活动的真实留存,它显示了主人公人际关系网络的总貌;当地还存在“攀过房亲”这一村民交往中的传统习俗,这一习俗造就了乡村社会的一种互惠机制。

The Ethical Relation and the Mutually Beneficial Principle in Chinese Village Communities--An Investigation into the Present-making Practice of Zhangze Villagers in the Sonjiang District of Shanghai

The Zhangze people in the Songjiang district of Shanghai have a customary present-making practice, which reveals their human relations, ethics and mutually beneficial principle. The present-making has a dual funciton of fulfilling moral obligations and expressing emotions. The local folks are used to making and preserving their "auspicious accounts" . This custom, still popular today, accurately records those major events in the villagers' social contacts and depicts their social networks. Also, there is a conventional custom of "arranging an adopted relative's marriage", which moulds a mutually beneficial mechanism among villagers.