| 摘 要： | First Passage 1] For centuries mariners(水手) tried to find a deepwater route called the Northwest Passage. A northern lane between the Atlantic and Pacific would be shorter than the dangerous voyage rounding Cape Horn at the tip of South America. But ships vanished and men died. With its cold, blizzards(暴风雪) and ice, the Arctic defeated the searchers. 2] On the morning of August 11, 1775, the whaleship Herald lay becalmed(使平静) west of Greenland, at latitude(纬度) 76° north, near a vast sea of ice. By early
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