由性理转向经史:明清之际学术的新趋向

在16、17世纪，中国大多数学仍然恪守理学道德心性的思辨体系，但有少数学却转而根据实证标准从事经史典籍中的事实性考辨。在顾炎武之前，归有光、唐顺之、钱谦益以及陈第、方以智的学术取向，都与明代的性理之学迥异。这表明，在乾嘉学派形成以前，已经有一批优秀的学在从事经学、天、小学、地理以及数学方面的实证性研究，由他们那里发轫出来的学术意识与研究方法，恰是清儒考据学重要的来源之一。

A Transfer from Idealist Philosophy of Character Molding to Classics & History:A New Trend in Academics during Ming & Qing Dynasties

In the 16 th and 17 th centuries, while most Chinese scholars were still clinging to the speculative moral system of idealist philosophy of character molding, the few others, basing on their positive criterion, turned to textual research using facts found in classics and historical records. Before Gu Yanwu, Gui Youguang, Tang Shunzhi, Qian Qianyi, Chen Di and Fang Yizhi were already showing a significant difference in their academic orientation from that of idealist philosophy of character molding of the Ming Dynasty, which shows that before the Qian-Jia Academic School was established, a group of excellent scholars were already involved in their positive researches in fields such as classics, astronomy, philology, geography and maths. It is none other than the awareness of learning and methods of research originated from this group that were to become one of the key sources of textual research by the Qing scholars.