虚无主义时代的教育——韦伯《以学术为业》释义

在《以学术为业》中，韦伯指出，就外部条件而言，年轻人以学术为业，需要运气；就内在的追求而言，以学术为业要求年轻人走专业化的道路。并具有学术灵感。更为重要的是，在理智化逐步推进的时代，学术不关涉终极价值。这要求教师不能充当学生的生命导师。究其根本，这是一个诸神之争的虚无主义的时代，教育无法在价值领域获得统一的价值，教师的职责仅限于传递技能和方法，并明确地告诉学生，必须作出一种非理性的价值抉择。但问题在于，韦伯的教育观是从“科学主义”和“现实主义”出发的，它取消了“教育向善”的本质，使学生陷入生活无意义的境地之中。好的教育理论应该着眼于终极关怀，从古今之争中探寻走出虚无、走向善好的路径。

The Education in the Times of Nihilism -An Interpretation on Science as a Vocation by Weber

In the book of Science as a Vocation, Marx Weber holds that the young people need fortunate to take intellectual work as a vocation in terms of external factor, and take the path of specialization as well as have academic in- spiration while for the internal chase. Moreover, in the times of proceeding rationalization, intellectual concerns no ultimate values. As a consequence, there is no necessity for professors to provide guidance for the lives of students.What is underly- ing behind is that, in the times of nihilism with polytheistic conflicts, there would be no achievement of unification for e- ducation in the field of values. Professor＇s duty is limited to the training of skills and methods, and asking students to make an irrationality choice of values. But the problem is that Webefs concept of education starts from ＂scientism＂ and ＂realism＂, it cancels the essence of ＂virtue orientation of education＂, so that students＇ lives are caught in a meaningless situation.