解决转型升级的“技工荒”困境:外资代工企业在华劳动力升级创新战略比较研究

运用全球价值链分析框架,跨人资与战略学科视角,对广东4家大型外资代工企业进行多案例研究,比较分析在华OEM业者,如何制定劳动力升级创新战略,解决价值链转型升级面临的"技工荒"困境。研究表明,新加坡资与台资OEM业者在转型升级路径,劳动力技能升级培训,激励考核制度创新,企业文化创新等战略选择上有相当差异。结果显示,要根治技工荒必须有效整合政产学研金等资源,为OEM产业前景提供丰富理论实践意义。

Solving the shortage of high-skilled workers: A comparative analysis on the workforce development strategies by Singapore-invested and Taiwan-invested OEMs in China

Built on the perspectives of global value chain (GVC) and strategic human resource management, this cross-disciplinary paper conducts a multiple-case study investigating two Singapore-invested and two Taiwan-invested original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) in Guangdong. This study comparatively analyzes how foreign-invested OEMs establish and carry out innovative workforce development strategies to support their GVC upgrading, and tackle the severe labor and skills shortage issues in China. The findings demonstrate that Singapore-invested and Taiwan-invested OEMs show significant differences in the following strategic options: 1) GVC upgrading trajectories (upgrading to ODM vs. upgrading to OBM), 2) workforce development programs (focus on soft skills courses vs. focus on multi-skills courses), 3) innovations in performance assessments (performance-oriented vs. employee-oriented), and 4) development of corporate culture (competitive culture vs. harmonious culture). The key to fundamentally solve the shortage of high-skilled workers in China is to integrate critical resources, including supports from local government, related industries, education institutes, research institutes, and financial institutions. Overall, this research provides several theoretical contributions to the literature, and insightful practical implications to the development prospect of other foreign-invested OEMs in the same context.