教师职前教育改革:来自美国医学教育的启示

从1870年到1920年间美国医学教育的飞速发展为美国医学教育确立了一个基本结构,尽管之后的80年间不断有新的发展,但这一基本结构没有发生根本变化。美国医学的专业地位的确立在很大程度上得益于医学教育的发展。在当前教师专业化进程中,教师教育,特别是教师职前教育的改革首当其冲。美国医学教育的发展给予教师职前教育改革一些有益的启示:重新确立教师职前教育的培养目标;教师培养途径要单一化;明确教学专业的知识基础;严把准入关和产出关;大力加强实践环节。

The Reform of Teachers' Before- service Education--Some Revelations from the U.S. Medical Education

The rapid development of the U. S. medical education during the period from 1870 to 1920 set up a basic structure for its medical education. The basic structure did not have a fundamental change even though there were constantly new developments after eighty years of that period. The established professional position of the U. S. medical science benefited from the development of medical education in a great degree. In the course of current teacher professionalization the reform of teacher education, especially of teachers' before-service education is a matter of primary importance. The U. S. medical educational development gives our reforms of teacher career education some helpful inspirations: reestablishing training goals of teachers' before-service education, uniforming the teacher cultivation approach, clarifying knowledge foundation of specialties of instruction, guaranteeing the quality of permission and output, and strengthening practice.