江苏沿海淤泥质滩涂景观生态特征及其演替

江苏沿海淤泥质滩涂具有明显的景观异质性,从海堤向海依次表现为茅草滩-盐蒿滩-米草滩-光滩,滩涂景观随海岸的侵蚀和淤积的变化,按一定的规律演替;本文讨论了江苏淤泥质滩涂在人工围垦和引种米草的双重影响下,景观生态特征及其演替发生的重大改变,一方面,滩涂围垦减少了海堤外滩涂植被带的宽度,另一方面,引种能在较低滩面生长的米草又扩大了海堤外植被带的生长范围;并据此提出了在人类开发利用滩涂资源时,一定要注重对景观生态环境影响的研究。

Landscape Ecological Character of Jiangsu Mud Flat and its Succession

Coastal zone is a special zone between land and ocean,which has rich natural energy and biological productivity and biodiversity.However,it is also the frailest part of ecotone.It is very important to study the landscape ecological characteristics and the succession of coastal zone.In this paper Jiangsu mud flat is selected and the landscape ecological characteristics and their succession are studied.There is clear landscape ecological heterogeneity on Jiangsu mud flat,which exhibits Couch grass-flat,Suaeda salsa-flat,Spartina alterniflora-flat,and Naked-flat from sea wall to sea,and has a definite natural succession rule.By the effect of the two man-made factors,the introduction of Spartina alterniflora and the inning the tidal flat,the succession rule of Jiangsu tidal flat is vitally changed.On the one hand,the width of salt-marsh outside of sea wall has been decreased by the inning the tidal flat;on the other hand,the width of salt-marsh outside of sea wall has been increased by the introduction of Spartina alterniflora which can grow in lower flat.Finally,it is pointed out that it is very important to study the effect on ecological environment when human is exploiting and utilizing the resource of tidal flat.