对乌兰察布开荒与退耕政策的历史考察

过度农垦是乌兰察布荒漠化的直接原因之一，但不是深层原因。荒漠化的深层原因是影响和制约人们活动的政策。考察乌兰察布50余年的历史，在不同时期执行了不同的开荒、禁荒政策，呈现出阶段性变化。只有弄清历史上乌兰察布关于垦殖的政策及其成因，才能从深层次上认识荒漠化的不断扩展，才能制定出对症下药的、科学合理的治沙方案，才能更好地保护祖国北疆的生态安全。同时也有利于人们对现阶段实施的“退耕还林（草）、退耕还牧”政策认识的深化和巩固，避免政策出现反复。

A Historical Study on Land Reclamation and Restoration Policies in Ulanchab

Over-farming is one of the direct causes of desertification in Ulanchab but not the root rea-son .The root cause should be policies that influence and regulate people ’s activities .In over 50 years’ his-tory ,various policies of land reclamation and wasteland prohibition were carried out and they form a peri -odic changing tendency .Only when those policies and their backgrounds are clearly studied can we under -stand better the worsening of desertification in Ulanchab and figure out effective and scientific means to control desertification so as to protect the ecology in northern China .This study can also help people un-derstand the current policies of “converting farm crops to trees （grass） ,converting farmland to pasture”and prevent policy restoration .