国际教育考试质量与公平标准的特点与趋势——基于NVivo 11.0的编码分析

国家教育考试是选拔人才的主要手段。欧美等国十分重视对教育考试质量与公平的研究,形成了许多有影响力的教育考试标准,这是教育考试公平和质量的重要保障。研究选取了美国心理协会、教育研究会、全美教育测量协会联合制定的标准,美国教育考试服务中心制定的标准,欧洲测试协会制定的两个标准,欧洲国际语言测试协会制定的两个标准,共计6个国际教育考试标准。通过编码研究,发现它们共同呈现出的国际特点为:一是突出基于证据的考试测量决策与操作;二是强调对考试分数的有效解释;三是公平与质量是共识性最高的价值取向;四是考试标准不具有明显的本土化特征。除了特点以外,研究还总结了国际教育考试标准呈现出的趋势:一是考试质量与公平标准多由测试协会主导制定;二是兼顾测试公平性原则和测试行为准则;三是所有考试利益相关者承担维护的协作责任。教育考试在我国有着举足轻重的作用,这些特点与趋势为制定我国考试质量与公平标准提供了理论基础和技术支持,从而保障考试的公平与质量。

The Characteristics and Tendency of International Examination Standards for Quality and Fairness:Based on the NVivo 11.0 Coding Analysis

Examination of education is the main method to select talents. The European and the American countries attach great importance to the study of examination standards for quality and fairness, and have formed many influential examination standards, which are the important guarantee to the examination fairness and quality.The study analyzed six major international examination standards,which from AERA, APA, NCME, ETS, ALTE, ILTA, and found that they share international characteristics as follows: First,highlighting the evidence-based test measurement decision and operation;Second, emphasizing effective interpretation of test scores;Third, fairness and quality are the most common value orientation;Fourth, the standards do not have obvious localization characteristics.In addition to this, the tendency is shown as follows: First, standards for quality and fairness are mainly formulated by testing associations;Second, standards for quality and fairness pay attention to both the principle of fairness and code of conduct;Third, all test stakeholders assume the responsibility for maintenance. Educational examination plays an important role in our country, and these characteristics and trends will provide theoretical basis and technical support for China to develop the standards of examination, which will ensure the fairness and quality of examinations.