行动者“文化-认知”视域下地方普通本科院校转型困境及突破路径

地方普通本科院校转型动因是国家发展应用技术类型本科教育及劳动力市场的需求,在现实转型中,一直存在转型进度缓慢、成效不足等问题。基于新制度主义理论,从行动者"文化-认知"的视角来看,家长和学生对应用技术类型本科教育缺乏文化认同,教师对应用技术类型本科教育缺乏身份认同,企业对校企合作缺乏文化自觉,高校管理者对传统本科教育存在观念及制度上的双重路径依赖。这些因素导致现存政策遭受合法性质疑,同时也掣肘了地方普通本科院校的转型发展。转型困境的突围既需要政府与师生、家长、企业等行动者之间进行"观念"和"话语"的持续互动,以消解其在"文化-认知"上的分歧与冲突,形成良性的制度环境,也需要学校组织管理者突破"路径依赖"陷入的"锁定"困境,摆脱原有的观念、规则、程序或惯例的束缚,创活转型动力。

Transition Predicament and Breaking Approach for the Local Undergraduate Colleges from Prospective of "Culture and Recognition"

The motivation for the transformation of local ordinary undergraduate colleges is the need for the national development of applied technology undergraduate education and the labor market;however,according to the current situation,they are suffering from transition dilemma like slow progressing and ineffective results.Based on the New Institutional Theory,and from the prospective of culture-recognition of the actors,the students and parents lack cultural identity for applied technology undergraduate education;teachers lack identity for applied technology undergraduate education;enterprises lack cultural awareness of school-enterprise cooperation;and university managers have a dual path of dependence on traditional undergraduate education.All of these factors have led to questions about the legitimacy of existing policies,and have also hindered the transformation and development of local ordinary colleges and universities.The breakthrough of the transition dilemma requires the continuous interaction between the government and teachers,students,parents,companies and other actors in"ideology"and"discourse"in order to resolve their differences and conflicts in"cultural-cognitive"and form a benign system environment.Not only that,it is also necessary for school organization managers to break through the"lock-in"dilemma of"path dependence",get rid of the constraints of original concepts,rules,procedures or routines,and create a driving force for transformation.