蝇类资源及其利用前景展望

该文报告了蝇类资源及利用前景.绳类资源利用可分为虫体资源的利用、生理机能及生活习性的应用3个方面.在虫体资源利用方面,利用蝇蛆治疗疾病,蝇类食品将会成为人类未来食物中蛋白质的主要来源之一,蝇蛆粉还可作为动物饲料的添加剂,也可作为保健品的原料;从蝇体内产生的抗菌物质具有抗菌、抗病毒、抗癌等作用,是将来抗病原菌药物开发利用的一个很有发展前途的方向.在蝇类生理机能利用方面,在仿生学领域,利用蝇类触角、复眼及平衡棒原理已制造出许多精密仪器;果蝇是遗传学的最佳实验材料,从果蝇体内已发现许多新的科学原理;蝇类亦可作为空间昆虫进行空间生命科学的研究.在蝇类生活习性利用方面,蝇类是许多害虫的天敌,目前国内外利用寄蝇等蝇类防治害虫,已取得很大的经济效益;利用蝇类可协助刑事案件的侦破,利用蝇类给作物传粉,还可在生态转化中发挥作用.

Prospects for the Flies Resources and Utilization

Flies belong to Cyclorrhapha of Diptera of Insect. Up to now, about seventy thousand species have been recorded in the world, and five thousand known species in China. This paper gives a survey of utilization of flies resources, mainly including three aspects, i.e. the utilizations on fly body, physiological function and life habits. Firstly, on the aspect of fly body utilization, the maggot of flies can be used to cure diseases, especially in curing hard infect. This kind of method has got a satisfied effect in recent years. Larva of flies are rich in proteins, vitamins and many kinds of essential trace elements for human body, so, the flies foodstuff will be one of the main protein resources for humans in the future. The maggot's powder can be used as additive for animal feed, and be used as raw material of health care products. Flies can be extracted and purified to produce materials which with anti-bacteria, anti-virus or anti-cancer functions. This may be a prospect way to develop medicine. Secondly, on the aspect of physiological function utilization, many precision instruments have been invented by utilizing the working principles of antennae, compound eyes and halters of flies. Fruit fly is the best experimental materials in genetics, and many new scientific principles have been found from it. At present, more than five hundred species of this family have been recorded in our country. The abundant species provide a great useful of experimental materials for our scientists. Flies can also be used as study materials on space science. Thirdly, on the aspect of life habits utilization, many kinds of flies are natural enemies of injurious insects, such as parasitic flies, which have been introduced into biological control home and abroad, and have got large economic benefit. In the field of forensic entomology, about fourteen families of flies are important, which can be helpful in criminal case investigation, for example, to help deduce death time, to analyse cause of death, and to find death ground, etc. As one of pollination mediums, flies also play a role in ecosystem.