城市雨水资源化的景观学途径及其综合效益评价简

从水资源匮乏和恶化的严峻现实出发，首先梳理了基于水利用范畴的城市发展演变，强调了景观设计在实现城市雨水资源化过程中的重要性。其次，分别从雨水收集利用的源头、传输过程和终端3个方面提出了适合中国城市发展的雨水资源化景观模型。通过小区景观雨水系统分布平面图，清楚直观地展示了屋顶花园、透水铺装、雨水花园、植被浅沟和景观湖的配置，实现了城市雨水从源头、传输到终端的全过程利用。然后，从生态、社会和经济的角度分析了景观雨水系统的综合效益。为了验证城市采用景观学方法后雨水资源化的综合效益，构建了相应的评价指标体系，引入Vague集理论进行有效评价。最后，实证分析结果表明了该方法的有效性，从而为改进城市雨水资源化指明了方向，避免市政雨水工程的盲目无序建设，更好地节约城市水资源，促进生态文明建设。

Landscape Approach and Benefit Analysis for Urban Rainwater Utilization

Population growth,industrial and agricultural production and rapid urbanization have created enormous pressure on limited water resources, urban environments and even socio-economic development. To solve these problems and determine appropriate steps to prevent unexpected situations,the aim of this study was to develop a more efficient urban rainwater utilization model using a landscape approach and improve a new benefit analysis method. We comb the evolution of urban development based on water resource use and emphasize the importance of landscape design in the process of urban rainwater utilization. From the source, transition and terminal of urban rainwater utilization,a landscape model for Chinese cities is then proposed. The planning of residential landscape rainwater system visually and directly presents roof gardens,permeable pavements,rain gardens,low elevation greenbelts and landscape lakes. The comprehensive benefits are analyzed from aspects of ecology,society and economy. In order to verify comprehensive benefits after taking a landscape approach,a corresponding evaluation index system is constructed and vague sets theory is introduced into the evaluation system to achieve a more effective evaluation. The empirical results show the effectiveness of the model which provides the direction for improvement of urban rainwater utilization in the future and helps to avoid disorderly construction of municipal rainwater projects,better conserve water resources and promote the construction of an ecological civilization.