大南山苗语动态助词ndangt和leuf

大南山苗语中动态助词ndangt和leuf译成汉语是“了”。关于ndangt和leuf的语法功能、意义和使用情况在有关的苗语语法书中并没有给出合理的解释。ndangt和leuf在苗语中主要位于谓词之后，体现的是一种“体”范畴，表现为：一、ndangt只能位于动词后面，表示“将来完成体”；二、leuf位于动词之后，表示“实现体”，而leuf位于形容词之后除了表示事物的性质、状态，还表示事物的比较。同时ndangt和leuf在句式中的使用情况也是有区别的。

Dynamic Auxiliary Words Ndangt and Leuf in Dananshan Miao

Dynamic auxiliary words ndangt and leuf are both translated into the Chinese language了in Dananshan Miao. In terms of the grammatical function, meaning and the usage of ndangt and leuf, there are no reasonable explanations in related grammar books on Miao language. In the language of Miao, ndangt and leuf are mainly placed after verbs and adjectives, representing a kind of aspect. There are two characteristics of this:first, ndangt can only be used after verbs, indicating future perfect aspect. Second, when leuf is used after verbs, it indicates realize aspect, but when it is placed after adjectives, it not only shows the nature and state of things, but also the comparison of objects. What’s more, there are some differences existing between ndangt and leuf when they are used in sentence patterns.