农村产权制度初探

合理的产权制度才能实现资源的最佳配置和最优利用，它应该具备三个方面的内容：1)产权明晰；2)产权可以自由交易；3)产权所有的利益得到法律的有效保护。改革开放以前，我国农村最重要的两种资源—土地和劳动力，其产权全部归于国家。单一的产权结构挫伤了农民的积极性，阻碍了产权的自由交易进而不能实现资源的优化配置。步入改革开放年代，单一产权结构向多元产权结构转变，土地和劳动力的产权主体亦趋于多元化。促进了农村经济、农民收入的增长，但当前的农村产权制度仍存在诸多缺陷，需要进一步的改进和完善。

Elementary Research of Property System in Chinese Country

Only under a rational property system can resources be well arranged and fully utilized . A rational property system should include three points: the possession of property should be distinct; secondly, property can be freely exchanged; thirdly, the benefit brought by property should be effectively protected by law. Before the open and reform policy in 1978, as the most important resources in Chinese country areas, both land and labor are owned by government which is regarded as a single property system. The single property system dampens the enthusiasm of the peasants and impedes the free exchange of property, which ends in the obstruction of the rational arrangement of resources. After 1978, the single property system develops into a plural one, and the processors of labor and land also diversity. Both changes have contributed a lot in the development of country economy and the increasement of peasants' incomes. While at the same time, there are still defects to be further perfected in the country property system.