电影大批判:发动与运作

电影大批判是大批判中最重要的领域,它由上下两种力量推动,上边是以江青为首的激进派及各单位的写作组,下边是以知识分子为主体的群众造反组织。写作组最早出现在上海,"文革"中推广至全国。写作组与媒体密切配合,由领导确定选题规划、重点稿件由写作组负责,配合性稿件由媒体安排。群众造反组织搞大批判花样繁多,主要的批判方式是出版报刊和编印图书。与群众造反组织的牵强附会、胡编乱造式的批判不同,写作组重视资料和文本,用激进派的观点剪裁事实,重新解释历史是其特征。

"The Great Criticisms" of Films: Launching and Operations

The campaign to criticize films was a most important area in "the great criticisms". It was conducted by forces both from above and below. The one from above consisted of radicals led by Jiang Qing and "writing groups" affiliated with various work units. The one from below was made up of rebel mass organizations whose core members were some intellectual people. The first writing group appeared in Shanghai. After the Cultural Revolution began, writing groups mushroomed across the country. This was how a campaign to criticize a film worked: first, some people at the top would decide what topics to write; second, key articles were written by a designated writing group; third, accompanying articles were produced by the media. Close cooperation between media and writing group was therefore necessary. By the means of publishing newspapers and books, rebel organizations were often quite "imaginative" in their ways of criticizing movies. In contrast to rebel organizations’ often "blown up" approaches, those writing groups paid attention to data and evidence. What they did was to reshape facts and reinterpret a given historical event in accordance with radicals’ points of view.