一种基于区块链与智能合约的科学数据安全溯源方法

[目的/意义] 数据是开展科学研究活动的基础，确保数据的质量、防止数据被篡改已成为影响研究结果的重要因素，为了避免数据造假、数据虚报、伪造结果以符合关键科学研究目标等数据欺诈行为，必须保持数据的溯源。[方法/过程] 将溯源系统的安全威胁分为内部因素和外部因素，基于智能合约和开放溯源模型（OPM），通过投票过程实现溯源信息准入机制，利用区块链的分布式特性和不可改变性，提出一种可靠的数据溯源收集、验证和管理区块链系统模型。[结果/结论] 在科学数据创建、分发、流通、使用过程中可以有效、安全地捕获和验证溯源记录，防止溯源信息被恶意更改的同时保护了隐私信息，为确保科研数据的客观真实提供思路和方法参考。

A Method of Secure Provenance of Scientific Data Based on Blockchain and Smart Contracts

[Purpose/Significance] Data is not only the output of scientific research activities,but also the basis on which scientific research activities are carried out.Therefore,ensuring the quality of data and preventing data from being tampered with have become an important factor affecting research results.In order to avoid data fraud,data misreporting,and falsification of results to meet key scientific research goals and other data frauds,it is necessary to maintain the provenance of data.[Methods/Process] The security threats of the provenance system were divided into internal factors and external factors.Based on smart contracts and open provenance models(OPM),the provenance access mechanism was implemented by voting.Changeability,proposed a reliable provenance collection,verification and management program.[Results/Conclusions] In the process of creating,distributing,circulating,and reuse of scientific data,the system can effectively and safely capture and verify traceability records,prevent malicious changes of provenance,and thus provide ways for ensuring the objective and true scientific research data.