摩西·赫斯论犹太复国主义

犹太复国主义运动遭遇犹太启蒙运动（哈斯卡拉运动）所一直倡导的犹太启蒙、改革与同化的压力，这导致犹太人问题日益突兀和严重。赫斯全面批判了犹太启蒙派、犹太改革派和犹太同化派的主张。赫斯认为，一旦开启了犹太启蒙，犹太人接下来就必然走向犹太改革和犹太同化。犹太人问题不是一个宗教问题，进而也不是解放问题，而是一个民族问题。赫斯将前人所认为的宗教范畴问题转换成了民族范畴问题，由此实现了范式的转换。因此，赫斯认为，犹太人只有建立一个属于犹太人自己的国家才有可能彻底解决犹太人问题。

Moses Hess on Zionism

The Zionist Movement encountered the pressure of Jewish Enlighteners,Jewish Reformers and Jewish Assimilationists advocated by the Jewish Enlightenment( Haskala Movement),which made the Jewish Problem more and more urgent and serious. Hess comprehensively criticized the opinions of the Jewish Enlighteners,the Jewish Reformers and the Jewish Assimilationists. He believed that once the Jewish Enlightenment was started,the Jews would inevitably move towards the Jewish Reform and the Jewish Assimilation. The Jewish Problem was not a religious problem,and therefore not a problem of liberation,but a national problem. Hess transformed the religious category into the national category,thus made a paradigm shift. Hess therefore further believed that only by establishing a state of their own would the Jews be able to solve the Jewish problem completely.