高考建制70年政策演变的逻辑、特征与趋势

纵观高考建制70年的政策演变,其大致历经了统招方向的确定、遭遇否定并中断、恢复与科学化探索以及建立新高考体系四个发展阶段。由于高考制度内外部关系的复杂性,高考改革主要遵循三大逻辑,即：以满足“多维需求”为导向的适应性改革逻辑、以注重“积小变大”为策略的渐进式改革逻辑和以坚持“实事求是”为原则的稳中求变改革逻辑。从高考政策的演变特征来看,演变动力实现了由政治主导到多元利益博弈的转变,演变取向完成了由追求效率与科学到强调公平与质量的转向,演变路径基本以由试点试验到全面铺开为主。基于我国新时代深化教育评价改革的目标,未来的高考政策将呈现四大发展趋势：一是综合评价招生将成为高校招生主渠道;二是高考指挥棒将转向引导学生素质全面发展;三是高考制度体系将趋于相对成熟与稳定;四是高考改革将注重构建高质量人才选拔体系。

The Evolution of China's College Entrance Examination Policy over 70 Years: Logic, Characteristics and Trends

Over the past 70 years, the evolution of China''s college entrance examination policy has gone through the following four stages: determination on the direction of unified admission, negation and interruption, resumption and scientific exploration, and establishment of a new system. Due to the complexity of the internal and external relations concerning the college entrance examination system, its reform mainly follows three major logics, namely, the adaptive reform logic oriented to meet "multi-dimensional needs", the gradual reform logic based on the strategy of "many a little makes a mickle" and the stable reform logic based on the principle of "seeking truth from facts". From the perspective of evolution characteristics, the evolution impetus has realized the transformation from political dominance to multi-interest game, the evolution orientation has completed the transformation from pursuing efficiency and science to emphasizing fairness and quality, and the evolution path is basically from pilot experiment to wide-spread implementation. Based on the goal of deepening the reform of education evaluation in the new era, the future policy development on college entrance examination will show four major trends. Firstly, comprehensive evaluation enrollment will become the main channel for college enrollment; secondly, the baton of college entrance examination will turn to guide the all-round development of students'' quality; thirdly, the college entrance examination system will tend to be relatively mature and stable; fourthly, the reform of college entrance examination will focus on building a high-quality talent selection system.