市场导向下大宗水权交易的差别化定价模型

水权交易是治水新思路下发挥市场对水资源配置决定性作用的有效途径之一,水权定价模型研究有助于规范和加快水权交易市场发展。区域水权和取水权两种交易模式影响范围广、社会敏感性高,是中国当前两种主要的大宗水权交易模式,市场交易中,价格机制是培育和活跃两种大宗水权市场的核心要素之一。梳理总结现有定价模型和定价机制在大宗水权交易定价中的适应性,提出水权价格是使用者对水资源生产性使用能力的体现。以市场为导向,在全成本价格的基础上,建立区域水权的协商定价模型和取水权竞价模型,论证市场竞争机制对水权增值的作用机理,并以内蒙古黄河干流盟市间水权转让为例,进行定价模型的案例研究,发现该案例宜采用成本价基础上的竞价模型形成其最终交易价格,且从实证结果看,竞价模型既能保障回收水权的全成本,又能促进水权向更高效益的用途流动。最后,提出树立大宗经济性用水水权的商品属性认识、健全大宗水权的基础价格评估机制、将大宗水权交易纳入大宗商品交易体系以及建立多种形式的大宗水权交易平台等对策建议。

Models for differential pricing of bulk water rights trading

The two types of regional water rights and water rights trading modes exhibit a wide range of influence and high social sensitivity, which are the two major modes of bulk water rights trading in China. The price mechanism is one of the core elements of cultivating and activating two major water rights markets. The current study summarizes the adaptability of the existing pricing models and pricing mechanisms in the pricing of bulk water rights transactions, and puts forward that water rights prices reflect the users’ ability to use water resources productively. On the basis of full-cost prices, a negotiated pricing model for regional water rights and a bidding model for water rights are established to demonstrate the mechanism of market competition mechanisms for water rights appreciation. In detail, the price of regional water rights transaction is negotiated by both parties according to the cost evaluation price of the third party organization, while the price of water rights is generated by the buyers’ bidding starting from the cost evaluation price. Taking the transfer of water rights between Inner Mongolian and Yellow River mainstream cities as an example, a case study of the pricing model was conducted. This study argues that the market bidding should be adopted to form the price of 20 million m³/year water rights transaction in the pilot phase of water right transfer between cities in the mainstream of the Yellow River in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Finally, several countermeasures are proposed, e.g., establishing the awareness of commodity attributes of large-scale economic water and water rights, improving basic water price assessment mechanisms for bulk water rights, integrating bulk water rights transactions into bulk commodity trading systems, and establishing various forms of bulk water rights trading platforms.