北京市星级旅游饭店水资源利用变化及影响因素

星级旅游饭店是北京市的主要用水行业之一,自实施取水定额管理以来,其水资源利用情况发生了巨大变化。通过对北京市349家饭店进行问卷调查及部分典型调查,在分析饭店业态变化的基础上,对饭店2005—2015年期间的用水量及用水结构变化进行了研究,并探讨了其变化原因。结果发现：①饭店用水总量得到有效控制,用水效率大幅提升;②饭店结构发生较大变化,餐厅在饭店中的重要程度增加,其用水量也大幅增长;③贯彻落实取水定额管理、推广使用节水型生活用水器具、进行精细化用水管理、充分利用非常规水源是促进北京市饭店行业用水水平提升的有效措施;④2008年颁布的饭店取水定额标准的分类方法和核算单元仍然合理,可以在修订的新版本取水定额标准中继续沿用。

Changes and causes of water use of star hotels in Beijing

Star tourist hotels are a main water consumption industry in Beijing, and their pattern of water consumption has changed after the enforcement of water quota norm. Through a questionnaire survey of 349 hotels in Beijing, water consumption and structure changes from 2005 to 2015 of hotels in Beijing were analyzed in this study, and the causes of change were explored. The results show that: (1) The total water consumption of hotel has been controlled, and water-use efficiency has greatly improved; (2) Water consumption of hotels changed significantly, and restaurants became an important contributor of water use; (3) Water quota norm, water-saving devices, micromanagement, and unconventional water sources promoted the improvement of water use efficiency of hotels; (4) The classification method and accounting unit of water quota norm (2008 version) could continue to be used.